The Infona portal uses cookies, i.e. strings of text saved by a browser on the user's device. The portal can access those files and use them to remember the user's data, such as their chosen settings (screen view, interface language, etc.), or their login data. By using the Infona portal the user accepts automatic saving and using this information for portal operation purposes. More information on the subject can be found in the Privacy Policy and Terms of Service. By closing this window the user confirms that they have read the information on cookie usage, and they accept the privacy policy and the way cookies are used by the portal. You can change the cookie settings in your browser.
Selection bias is of critical concern in the study of influenza vaccine effectiveness when using an observational study design. This bias is attributable to the inherently different characteristics between vaccinees and non-vaccinees. The differences, which are related both to vaccination and signs of clinical disease as an outcome, may lead to erroneous estimation of the effectiveness. In this report,...
To examine the effectiveness of influenza vaccine among community-dwelling elderly (65–79 years old), we conducted a population-based cohort study during the 2003–2004 influenza season. A total of 4787 elderly individuals were interviewed regarding acute febrile illness, hospital visits, hospitalization and death by telephone every month. The vaccination status and physician-diagnosed clinical influenza...
Rabies experts from 14 francophone African countries met in Grand Bassam (Côte d’Ivoire), 10–13 March 2008. They presented the situation in their respective countries, acknowledging the lack of rabies awareness among the population, health care workers and health authorities. They recognized that infrastructure for the management of rabies exposure is scarce, modern vaccines are in limited quantity...
Critical issues for cytotoxic lymphocyte (CTL) cross-priming are (a) the maturation state of dendritic cells (DC), (b) the source of the tumor-associated antigens (TAA) and (c) the context in which they are delivered to DCs. Drug-induced apoptosis has recently been implicated in CTL cross-priming. However, since drug-treatment produces in vivo more tumor cells than the DC default apoptotic clearance...
Plaque reduction neutralisation test (PRNT) is a gold standard assay for measles antibodies. PRNT, however, is time-consuming and more difficult to standardise than ELISA.PRNT results were obtained on pre- and post-vaccination sera from 501 measles-vaccinated infants. From this cohort a sub-set of 210 infants were selected for testing by ELISA, which was performed either manually or by an automated...
As reflections by the recipient for the Japanese society for vaccinology Takahashi award, clinicopathologic understanding and control of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection was briefly reviewed. In 1974, a live varicella vaccine was developed by attenuating the Oka strain of VZV after the passages in non-human cells at a low temperature. The vaccine was immunogenic, well tolerated, and effective,...
Prophylactic VLP-based vaccines effectively prevent papillomavirus infections with a high level of antibodies and safety. An 18% increased efficacy against CIN 2+ lesions associated with HPVs 16/18 has been observed with the appliance of the HPV16/18 AS04 adjuvanted recombinant vaccine.
The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) virus is a member of the Coronaviridae (CoV) family that first appeared in the Guangdong Province of China in 2002 and was recognized as an emerging infectious disease in March 2003. Over 8000 cases and 900 deaths occurred during the epidemic. We report the safety and immunogenicity of a SARS DNA vaccine in a Phase I human study.A single-plasmid DNA vaccine...
In 1976, influenza mass vaccination among schoolchildren was started under the Preventive Vaccination Law, which was intended to control epidemics in the community. However, in the late 1980s, questions about this policy and vaccine efficacy arose, and a campaign against vaccination began. In 1994, influenza was excluded from the target diseases list in the Preventive Vaccination Law, without considering...
In 1979, Maebashi City discontinued influenza mass vaccination immediately after a case of vaccine-related convulsion occurred. A research group of the Maebashi City Medical Association studied the effects of mass vaccination on influenza activity in two cities without mass vaccination programs and three cities with mass vaccination programs (Maebashi Study). Due to possible issues of validity arising...
The aim of this study was to determine a relationship between vaccine potency (amount of PD 50 per dose) and fraction of clinically protected cattle following homologous challenge with infectious foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus, and to determine the effect of method of fractionation, serotype, type of adjuvant, valency and type of virus culture on the dose–response curve. Data from 297...
Japanese rabies vaccine, a purified chick embryo cell vaccine manufactured by Kaketsuken (PCEC-K), is normally given subcutaneously; however, this requires a large amount of vaccine, and the pre-exposure vaccination regimen requires 6 months to complete. These factors often hamper appropriate vaccination. Therefore, we examined whether this vaccine could induce adequate level of viral neutralizing...
Highly pathogenic avian influenza A virus (H5N1) is a leading candidate for the next influenza pandemic, and infants and children may play an important role in transmission in a pandemic. Our objective was to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of a prototype inactivated, aluminium adjuvanted, split-virus, clade 1 H5N1 vaccine (A/Vietnam/1194/2004/NIBRG-14) in infants and children aged ≥6 months...
MEDI-534 is a bivalent live attenuated vaccine candidate against human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) and human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hPIV3) that was previously shown to be immunogenic and to protect rodents and African green monkeys from wild-type (wt) hRSV challenge. We performed further preclinical evaluations to address the safety of MEDI-534 prior to human testing. MEDI-534 did not...
This study, done during the 2002–2003 season among children <6 years of age to investigate influenza vaccine effectiveness and confounding factors, involved 2913 children (1512 vaccinees, 1401 non-vaccinees) recruited from 54 paediatric clinics. Between December 2002 and April 2003, parents reported their children's maximum body temperatures weekly. Influenza-like illness (ILI) was defined as an...
Misclassification is a measurement error and can be considered a type of information bias. Misclassification can occur at both exposure and outcome levels. Nondifferential misclassification causes only a dilution effect leading to underestimation, whereas differential misclassification can have more complicated and serious consequences. To avoid nondifferential diagnosis misclassification, it is necessary...
The emergence of spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) in the United States constitutes a potentially serious alien pathogen threat to susceptible fish stocks in North America. A DNA vaccine with an SVCV glycoprotein (G) gene from a North American isolate was constructed. In order to test the vaccine a challenge model utilizing a specific pathogen-free domestic koi stock and a cold water stress treatment...
Set the date range to filter the displayed results. You can set a starting date, ending date or both. You can enter the dates manually or choose them from the calendar.